Yoga Sutra 2.31:

Jati Desa Kala Samaya Anavacchinnah Sarvabhaumah Mahavratam

Summary

Yoga Sutra 2.31 states: “Jati desa kala samaya anavacchinnah sarvabhaumah mahavratam.” This sutra explains that the Yamas (ethical restraints) are universal vows (mahavratam) and are not restricted by class (jati), place (desa), time (kala), or circumstance (samaya).

Analysis

Jati

• Translation: Class or caste.
• Meaning: Jati refers to social class or caste. The Yamas are applicable to all people, regardless of their social standing or background.

Desa

• Translation: Place.
• Meaning: Desa signifies geographical location. The Yamas are universal and should be observed no matter where one is.

Kala

• Translation: Time.
• Meaning: Kala represents time. The Yamas are timeless principles that apply at all times.

Samaya

• Translation: Circumstance or situation.
• Meaning: Samaya indicates specific conditions or situations. The Yamas should be adhered to regardless of the circumstances.

Anavacchinnah

• Translation: Uninterrupted or not limited.
• Meaning: Anavacchinnah emphasizes that the Yamas are continuous and not subject to interruption or limitation.

Sarvabhaumah

• Translation: Universal.
• Meaning: Sarvabhaumah denotes that the Yamas are universal and applicable to everyone.

Mahavratam

• Translation: Great vow.
• Meaning: Mahavratam means a great or supreme vow. The Yamas are considered fundamental and overriding ethical principles that must be upheld.

Significance of the Sutra

Yoga Sutra 2.31 highlights the universal and timeless nature of the Yamas. These ethical restraints are considered great vows (mahavratam) that should be observed by all individuals, regardless of their social class, geographical location, time, or specific circumstances. This sutra underscores the importance of adhering to these ethical principles as the foundation of a yogic lifestyle.

Common Interpretations

Traditional Interpretation

In traditional yoga teachings, this sutra is seen as a clear directive that the Yamas are essential and binding for all practitioners. They are not optional or situational but are to be practiced consistently and universally. This interpretation emphasizes the Yamas’ role in creating a just and harmonious society.

Modern Interpretation

In modern contexts, the universality of the Yamas is often highlighted as a reflection of their enduring relevance and importance. Practitioners are encouraged to view these ethical guidelines as foundational to living a moral and conscious life, applicable in all situations and environments. This perspective reinforces the idea that ethical behavior is crucial for personal growth and social harmony.

Yoga Sutra 2.31 provides profound insight into the universal application of the Yamas. Whether approached through traditional or modern lenses, its teachings underscore the importance of consistently practicing these ethical restraints to cultivate a just and harmonious way of living.