Yoga Sutra 2.17

Drashtuh drishya yoho samyogah heya hetuh

Summary

Yoga Sutra 2.17 states: “Drashtuh drishya yoho samyogah heya hetuh.” This sutra explains that the cause of suffering is the association (samyogah) between the seer (drashtuh) and the seen (drishya).

Analysis

Drashtuh

Translation: The seer.

Meaning: Drashtuh refers to the true self or pure consciousness, which is the observer or witness of all experiences. It represents the eternal, unchanging aspect of an individual.

Drishya

Translation: The seen or the observed.

Meaning: Drishya denotes the objects of perception, including the physical world, thoughts, emotions, and experiences. It represents the ever-changing, impermanent aspect of reality.

Yoho

Translation: Between.

Meaning: Yoho signifies the relationship or connection between two entities, in this case, the seer and the seen.

Samyogah

Translation: Association or conjunction.

Meaning: Samyogah refers to the connection or union between the seer (drashtuh) and the seen (drishya). This association causes the seer to identify with the seen, leading to a distorted perception of reality.

Heya

Translation: To be avoided.

Meaning: Heya indicates that the association between the seer and the seen is undesirable and should be overcome to eliminate suffering.

Hetuh

Translation: Cause.

Meaning: Hetuh signifies the cause or reason behind something. In this context, it refers to the cause of suffering, which is the identification of the seer with the seen.

Significance of the Sutra

Yoga Sutra 2.17 is significant as it identifies the root cause of suffering: the mistaken identification of the seer (true self) with the seen (objects of perception). By understanding this association and working to dissolve it, practitioners can achieve a state of clarity and inner peace. The sutra emphasizes the importance of recognizing the distinction between the seer and the seen, which is crucial for attaining spiritual liberation.

Common Interpretations

Traditional Interpretation

In traditional yoga teachings, this sutra underscores the need for practitioners to cultivate discernment (viveka) to recognize the distinction between the true self (drashtuh) and the objects of perception (drishya). The focus is on overcoming ignorance (avidya) that leads to the identification with the seen, thereby eliminating the root cause of suffering. Practitioners are encouraged to engage in practices that purify the mind and enhance self-awareness to achieve spiritual liberation.

Modern Interpretation

In modern contexts, practitioners often interpret this sutra as a call to develop self-awareness and mindfulness in recognizing the sources of their suffering. The mistaken identification with external objects, thoughts, and emotions can lead to a distorted perception of reality and cause distress. By cultivating mindfulness and self-awareness, individuals can detach from these false identifications and achieve a state of inner harmony and well-being.

Yoga Sutra 2.17 provides a profound insight into the nature of suffering and its root cause. Whether approached through traditional or modern lenses, its teachings offer valuable guidance for understanding and transcending the mistaken identification of the self with external objects to achieve a state of inner freedom and peace.