Yoga Sutra 1.43

Smṛti-pariśuddhau svarūpa-śūnye vārtha-mātra-nirbhāsā nirvitarkā

Summary

Yoga Sutra 1.43, “Smṛti-pariśuddhau svarūpa-śūnye vārtha-mātra-nirbhāsā nirvitarkā,” translates to “When the memory is purified, the mind appears to be devoid of its own nature and only the object of meditation shines forth, this is nirvitarkā samāpatti (non-deliberative absorption).” This Sutra describes a state of meditation where the mind is free from its own impressions and only the object of focus remains.

Analysis of the Sutra

Smṛti-pariśuddhau (When the memory is purified):

“Smṛti” means memory, and “pariśuddhau” means purified. This phrase indicates that the mind’s memories and impressions are cleansed, allowing for a clearer state of meditation.

Svarūpa-śūnye (Devoid of its own nature):

“Svarūpa” means one’s own form or nature, and “śūnye” means empty or devoid. This suggests that the mind is free from its own identity and distractions, focusing solely on the object of meditation.

Vārtha-mātra-nirbhāsā (Only the object of meditation shines forth):

“Vārtha” means object, “mātra” means only, and “nirbhāsā” means shines forth. This indicates that in this state, the mind is entirely absorbed in the object of meditation, with nothing else present.

Nirvitarkā (Non-deliberative):

“Nirvitarkā” refers to a type of samāpatti where the mind is free from deliberation and analytical thinking. It is a deeper state of absorption compared to savitarkā samāpatti.

Samāpatti (Absorption):

“Samāpatti” denotes a state of deep meditative absorption. In this context, it is a state where the mind is fully immersed in the object of meditation without any internal dialogue or analysis.

Significance of the Sutra

Advanced Meditative State:

This Sutra highlights an advanced stage of meditation where the mind is completely purified and free from its own nature. It signifies a deeper level of absorption compared to earlier stages.

Purification of the Mind:

The emphasis on the purification of memory underscores the importance of cleansing the mind from past impressions and distractions. This purification is crucial for achieving a higher state of meditation.

Focus on the Object:

The Sutra emphasizes the importance of focusing solely on the object of meditation. This focus allows the practitioner to achieve a state where only the object shines forth, leading to deeper insight and understanding.

Common Interpretations

Traditional Interpretation:

Traditional commentators often emphasize the importance of memory purification and the mind’s detachment from its own nature. They highlight the significance of achieving a state where only the object of meditation remains, free from distractions.

Modern Interpretation:

Modern interpretations frequently focus on the cognitive and psychological aspects of this Sutra. They view it as a testament to the power of mental purification and the ability to achieve a state of deep focus and clarity. This perspective underscores the relevance of yogic practices in developing mental discipline and insight.

Yoga Sutra 1.43 illustrates the significance of non-deliberative absorption in the practice of yoga. It highlights the importance of mental purification and focused meditation in achieving deeper states of understanding and insight. This Sutra serves as a reminder of the transformative power of advanced meditative practices.