Yoga Sutra 2.51:

Bahya Abhyantara Vishaya Akshepi Caturthah

Summary

Yoga Sutra 2.51 states: “Bahya abhyantara vishaya akshepi caturthah.” This sutra explains that pranayama (breath control) involves transcending the external and internal aspects of breath, leading to the fourth state.

Analysis

Bahya

• Translation: External.
• Meaning: Bahya refers to the external aspect of the breath, or exhalation.

Abhyantara

• Translation: Internal.
• Meaning: Abhyantara refers to the internal aspect of the breath, or inhalation.

Vishaya

• Translation: Object or aspect.
• Meaning: Vishaya signifies the object or focus of attention in the practice of pranayama.

Akshepi

• Translation: Beyond or transcending.
• Meaning: Akshepi means going beyond or transcending.

Caturthah

• Translation: The fourth.
• Meaning: Caturthah refers to the fourth state of pranayama, which goes beyond the physical aspects of breath control.

Significance of the Sutra

Yoga Sutra 2.51 highlights the advanced stage of pranayama practice, where the practitioner transcends the external (exhalation) and internal (inhalation) aspects of breath. This leads to the fourth state, which is a deeper and more refined level of breath control. This state is characterized by a profound stillness and meditative absorption, preparing the practitioner for higher states of consciousness and spiritual awakening.

Common Interpretations

Traditional Interpretation

In traditional yoga teachings, this sutra is interpreted as describing the advanced stage of pranayama practice. Practitioners are encouraged to transcend the physical aspects of breath and reach a state of stillness and inner focus. This approach highlights the spiritual benefits of pranayama in achieving deeper meditation and spiritual enlightenment.

Modern Interpretation

In modern contexts, this sutra is often understood as emphasizing the importance of mindful and meditative breath practice. Practitioners are encouraged to focus on the subtler aspects of breath control, moving beyond the physical to achieve a state of mental and emotional balance. This interpretation emphasizes the practical benefits of advanced pranayama in promoting relaxation, stress reduction, and overall well-being.

Yoga Sutra 2.51 provides valuable insight into the advanced practice of pranayama. Whether approached through traditional or modern lenses, its teachings underscore the importance of transcending the physical aspects of breath to achieve a deeper and more refined state of meditation and inner peace.